1.A bridge is a computer networking device that builds the connection with the other bridge networks which use the same protocol
2. Hub works by sending the data to all the ports on the device whereas a switch transfers it only to that port which is connected to the destination device. 
3.  A switch does so by having an in-built learning of the MAC address of the devices connected to it.
4.Network protocols define a language of instructions and conventions for communication between the network devices.
5.ISDN are used to send over graphic or audio data files.
6.

Writing an essay often seems to be a dreaded task among students. Whether the essay is for a scholarship, a class, or maybe even a contest, many students often find the task overwhelming. While an essay is a large project, there are many steps a student can take that will help break down the task into manageable parts. Following this process is the easiest way to draft a successful essay, whatever its purpose might be.

According to Kathy Livingston’s Guide to Writing a Basic Essay, there are seven steps to writing a successful essay:

1. Pick a topic.

You may have your topic assigned, or you may be given free reign to write on the subject of your choice. If you are given the topic, you should think about the type of paper that you want to produce. Should it be a general overview of the subject or a specific analysis? Narrow your focus if necessary.

If you have not been assigned a topic, you have a little more work to do. However, this opportunity also gives you the advantage to choose a subject that is interesting or relevant to you. First, define your purpose. Is your essay to inform or persuade?

Once you have determined the purpose, you will need to do some research on topics that you find intriguing. Think about your life. What is it that interests you? Jot these subjects down.

Finally, evaluate your options. If your goal is to educate, choose a subject that you have already studied. If your goal is to persuade, choose a subject that you are passionate about. Whatever the mission of the essay, make sure that you are interested in your topic.

2. Prepare an outline or diagram of your ideas.

In order to write a successful essay, you must organize your thoughts. By taking what’s already in your head and putting it to paper, you are able to see connections and links between ideas more clearly. This structure serves as a foundation for your paper. Use either an outline or a diagram to jot down your ideas and organize them.

To create a diagram, write your topic in the middle of your page. Draw three to five lines branching off from this topic and write down your main ideas at the ends of these lines. Draw more lines off these main ideas and include any thoughts you may have on these ideas.

If you prefer to create an outline, write your topic at the top of the page. From there, begin to list your main ideas, leaving space under each one. In this space, make sure to list other smaller ideas that relate to each main idea. Doing this will allow you to see connections and will help you to write a more organized essay.

3. Write your thesis statement.

Now that you have chosen a topic and sorted your ideas into relevant categories, you must create a thesis statement. Your thesis statement tells the reader the point of your essay. Look at your outline or diagram. What are the main ideas?

Your thesis statement will have two parts. The first part states the topic, and the second part states the point of the essay. For instance, if you were writing about Bill Clinton and his impact on the United States, an appropriate thesis statement would be, “Bill Clinton has impacted the future of our country through his two consecutive terms as United States President.”

Another example of a thesis statement is this one for the “Winning Characteristics” Scholarship essay: “During my high school career, I have exhibited several of the “Winning Characteristics,” including Communication Skills, Leadership Skills and Organization Skills, through my involvement in Student Government, National Honor Society, and a part-time job at Macy’s Department Store.”

4. Write the body.

The body of your essay argues, explains or describes your topic. Each main idea that you wrote in your diagram or outline will become a separate section within the body of your essay.

Each body paragraph will have the same basic structure. Begin by writing one of your main ideas as the introductory sentence. Next, write each of your supporting ideas in sentence format, but leave three or four lines in between each point to come back and give detailed examples to back up your position. Fill in these spaces with relative information that will help link smaller ideas together.

5. Write the introduction.

Now that you have developed your thesis and the overall body of your essay, you must write an introduction. The introduction should attract the reader’s attention and show the focus of your essay.

Begin with an attention grabber. You can use shocking information, dialogue, a story, a quote, or a simple summary of your topic. Whichever angle you choose, make sure that it ties in with your thesis statement, which will be included as the last sentence of your introduction.

6. Write the conclusion.

The conclusion brings closure of the topic and sums up your overall ideas while providing a final perspective on your topic. Your conclusion should consist of three to five strong sentences. Simply review your main points and provide reinforcement of your thesis.

7. Add the finishing touches. 

After writing your conclusion, you might think that you have completed your essay. Wrong. Before you consider this a finished work, you must pay attention to all the small details.

Check the order of your paragraphs. Your strongest points should be the first and last paragraphs within the body, with the others falling in the middle. Also, make sure that your paragraph order makes sense. If your essay is describing a process, such as how to make a great chocolate cake, make sure that your paragraphs fall in the correct order.

Review the instructions for your essay, if applicable. Many teachers and scholarship forms follow different formats, and you must double check instructions to ensure that your essay is in the desired format.

Finally, review what you have written. Reread your paper and check to see if it makes sense. Make sure that sentence flow is smooth and add phrases to help connect thoughts or ideas. Check your essay for grammar and spelling mistakes.

Congratulations! You have just written a great essay.

What is ICT

Hi my name is Even Huan. Hi my name is Chris from and we want to talk to you about the ICT sector in Ireland ICT stands for information and communications technology and that means that covers all of the technologies and businesses involved in the creation and processing of digital information that includes all fines of  computing from building web pages to write and software to control a rocket from assembly the home computer to managing a complete office computer system from creating special effects for the film to designing the technologies broadcast TV and radio across the globe from studying the appropriate computer equipment to customer to providing the support needed to ensure the successful use of a new software system in a large organization this is a big industry really big in fact it’s the largest business in the world and it’s growing all of the time why well because at its heart it’s concerned with making life easier and better for everyone of us.

Hi I’m Lionel alexander and the Vice President and Managing Director of Hewlett - packard manufacturing here in the league slip kill their the ICT sector is a very key sector that not only drive the economy and the future island but more importantly is changing the lifestyle of people every day in Ireland there over 70000 people working in over 1,300 firms directly involved an effective IC to use a big part of our economy much bigger than it is in the UK or most of the rest of the world Ireland a tiny country barely visible on the globe is one of the top three exporter of software and the world neither !) top software companies in the world have significant operations here islands is home to many global players across  all I city business areas such as internet space data storage semiconductors telecommunications software and computer systems with instantly recognizable names such as Intel del Microsoft IBM Apple HP Google Ericsson sap yahoo and even Facebook the sector accounts for approximately a third of the country’s expert which is hugely important for our economy by any measure the ICT sector has been a significant drive in the arch economy whether in terms of employment output for the creation of wealth as well as been engaged in a range of business functions they provide the enabling technology to other sectors it has been a source of successful Irish enterprise and startups and has contributed men stage the economic success of the country in church the ICC section Ireland can boast world – class industry achievement one of the main reasons we have such a strong presence in the sector’s equality and diversity of our workforce the location of the world’s top level software companies in Ireland has meant the critical mass of technical and professional expertise has been reached in the sector the availability of highly skilled individuals are both graduate and senior level positions allows software companies to access a group of people that is essential to achieve growth in the industry we also have a lot of qualified people from a wide range of nationalities who can contribute their technical knowledge and skills and their native language yourselves the ever – increasing need to provide services globally from operations based here recent figures and students entering carrot level 2 arising demand for engineering and technology courses we are now realizing that the world needs more people who are technologically we’re in every industry in Sector the National Skills strategy compiled by the expert group on future skills needs has found that the requirement for technical knowledge will rise across almost all occupations in the future even in times of rising unemployment demand for highly qualified graduates in disciplines including computer science and engineering is expected to continue this is also true or of the supporting roles which the technology depends the current economic downturn may affect the timing of that demand but it is unlikely to affect the overall trend we as a nation let’s ensure that I remains one of the best performance in terms of producing people who combined their technical know – how from the science engineering technology areas people include the development of ICT skills into their career planning will always be in a stronger position to adapt to the changing world Connery and ensure that Ireland’s ICT that there continues to hold this position on the world stage. My name is tomorrow and the general manager of Intel and are kids coming to the system today who have an interest in science engineering and technology should have no fears about the future of working in that industry here in Ireland if you want to have an aspiration that’s beyond essentially a good job and a good career think about the aspiration of being involved in an enterprise that makes a difference across the whole globe Intel in Ireland and companies like Intel and Ireland have a challenge on their hands and that’s to continue to help Ireland b’fast be nimble because we’re operating on a global stage and Arlen needs people working in engineering and technology it needs the best brains working in those environments so that Ireland as a nation can prosper and grow the future is changing IC technology is changing the world it’s going to change the way people consumed in the knowledge that the way people distribute the knowledge and the way people use their knowledge if you want to change the world and if you want to make a difference choose ICT as a career band.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNi1bMcNuuY

Top Tech Trends 2016

Tech Trend

In my role distribution can it's important to love five years out to see what industry is headed in the long term. But much of my attention is focused on the near future identifying. The technology and trends that are ready to be put to use a tablet over the next 12 months. With that in mind here for the top IT trends that I believe a poised to gain real traction in 2016.

#4 Top IT Trend – Software-Defined Data Center

My number for trend is the software-defined data center. From the beginning data centers will be made up of silos of server’s storage and networking hard way but that model is redundant and expensive and it makes it difficult to allocate resources quickly. That's a problem for IT teams that are feeling pressure to improveresponsiveness and decrease maintenance costs in a software-defined data centerall the essential elements of a computing platform a pool together virtualized and managed to a common set of application programming interfaces. With all of the data centers resources pulled together. It's easier and faster to monitor and reallocate compute storage network in and even security resources according to the needs of the business. Production-ready software-defined data center offerings and now available from established vendors as well as from new cameras and I tea shops are looking for safe and proven ways to move to a software-defined environment. That delivers the stability and the agility that their businesses require. 

            #3 Top IT Trend – Mobile-First Approach

My number three top trend is what I call a mobile first approach. Until now most mobility initiatives will focus on providing mobile devices. With the same access and security. That we find on desktop and laptop PCs. The mobile versus approach turns out world view on its head. It's not about matching the PC experience and a small device anymore. It's about getting the most of the unique advantages. That mobile platforms have to offer. Such as the ability to easily capture pictures documents and also knowing the precise location of the device as mobile devices get more convenient security. With a broader adoption of biometrics. I expect more businesses will be thinking mobile-first in 2016. For both customers and employees.

            #2 Top IT Trend – Machine Learning

My second top It-tried 4 2016 is machine learning. I see machine learning is a logical evolution of the exponential growth of data and data analytics. That we've been seen over the last few years. Big data and data analytics today are mostly concerned. With mine in large quantities of data to provide insights. That leaders can use to make informed decisions with speed. However those results of focus on helping business leaders interpret past activity a machine learning on the other hand is about using the same data sets to predict future behavior. Today Google Facebook and Amazon or relying on machine learning to deliver content ads and products. That use your past activity to predict. What you'll be interested in next IBM's Watson initiative extends. Its significant machine learning capabilities to IBM customers a machine learning is also at the heart of Google's efforts to develop self-driving vehicles as the engineers at Google will tell you it's easier to drive a car when you can predict. What's around the corner rather than having to focus on the road behind you and running the business is no different. That's why I believe machine learning will be one of this year's top trends to gain traction as organizations like to predict the future as well as they can analyze the past.

 #1 Top It Trend - The Industrial Internet of Things (IoT)

            My top IT trends for 2016 is the internet of things specifically. The industrial Internet of Things one study from the mckinsey global institute estimates. That IoT will deliver up to 11 trillion dollars of global economic impact on an annual basis just 10 years. From now and a significant proportion of that was going to be made up the industrial IOT. For example one of a minute industrial equipment customers has begun in bed in connected sensors into. The field based equipment. This gives our customers the ability to let maintenance teams know when a component is about to break down but before it actually happens. This simple warning helps avoid costly downtime and emergency repairs. It also ensures that the service technicians. Have exactly the right parts they need when they arrive on site 2016. Will be the year the IOT hits critical mass. The opportunity is simply too large for that but the building blocks for the ecosystem and now in place making it easier faster and less expensive to prototype and roll out real world I OT solutions. That's why it’s my number-one trend for 2016. To find out how these and other top technology trends are being applied inside. The enterprise in the year to come. Stay tuned to this text and series and to my blog behind. The firewall and don't forget to give us a thumbs up or post a comment below. 

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Thank you for watching and see you next time

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ey3Wo42em98

What is computing?

The curriculum for computing should involve 3 key aspects: Computer Science, the understanding of computers and how they work, information Technology, the productive and creative use of technology, and Digital Literacy. 

1.       Computer Science 

Computer Science focuses on 3 main aspects. Firstly the hardware of computers, which is how they work and how they are assembled. This includes technologies from the traditional. Desktop computers through to powerful handheld devices and also dedicated chips in everyday appliances. The programming of computers involves how to make devices do what you want them to do. This involves a wide range of activities: developing applications running on PCs, making apps for Android’s, using control and sensing technology devices, and also scientific data capture. Understanding system is the third focus. This involves understanding the way that computers and organizations work together and interact. Children first learn programming at the infant school using programmable toys like these Romos and Bee – Bots. They start to understand algorithms by writing down instructions that they have given to these robots, and then learn to follow instructions like this short program. By following this step by step, they learn the importance of precision and the idea of iteration. A six – years – old would do an abstraction if the teacher asked them to draw the school. They create a simplified plan with the important details: their classroom, the playground, the toilets, the school office and the gate to go home. This visualization is the abstraction. The classic abstraction is the representation of London by means of a tube map or even a pupil school timetable. Information Technology is the creative and productive use of computers. It is an important.

2.       Information Technology

Information Technology is the creative and productive use of computers. It is important element for developing pupils’ understanding of what computers can do, enabling their creativity and ensuring that they can use the technology in a wide range of settings. 

3.       Digital Literacy

 Digital Literacy should be understood to mean the basic skill or ability to use a computer confidently, safely and effectively. This include the ability to use office software such as word processors, email and presentation software, the ability to create and edit images, audio and video, and the ability to use a web browser and internet search engines. These are the skills that teacher of other subjects at secondary schools should be able to assume that their pupils have as an analog with being able to read and write. Digital literacy with ideas of copyright, safe working, data protection, misuse and abuse, e-safety and cyber-bullying are also discussed in schools. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDKfQ5qR8qA

What is computing?

The curriculum for computing should involve 3 key aspects: Computer Science, the understanding of computers and how they work, information Technology, the productive and creative use of technology, and Digital Literacy. 

1.       Computer Science 

Computer Science focuses on 3 main aspects. Firstly the hardware of computers, which is how they work and how they are assembled. This includes technologies from the traditional. Desktop computers through to powerful handheld devices and also dedicated chips in everyday appliances. The programming of computers involves how to make devices do what you want them to do. This involves a wide range of activities: developing applications running on PCs, making apps for Android’s, using control and sensing technology devices, and also scientific data capture. Understanding system is the third focus. This involves understanding the way that computers and organizations work together and interact. Children first learn programming at the infant school using programmable toys like these Romos and Bee – Bots. They start to understand algorithms by writing down instructions that they have given to these robots, and then learn to follow instructions like this short program. By following this step by step, they learn the importance of precision and the idea of iteration. A six – years – old would do an abstraction if the teacher asked them to draw the school. They create a simplified plan with the important details: their classroom, the playground, the toilets, the school office and the gate to go home. This visualization is the abstraction. The classic abstraction is the representation of London by means of a tube map or even a pupil school timetable. Information Technology is the creative and productive use of computers. It is an important.

2.       Information Technology

Information Technology is the creative and productive use of computers. It is important element for developing pupils’ understanding of what computers can do, enabling their creativity and ensuring that they can use the technology in a wide range of settings. 

3.       Digital Literacy

 Digital Literacy should be understood to mean the basic skill or ability to use a computer confidently, safely and effectively. This include the ability to use office software such as word processors, email and presentation software, the ability to create and edit images, audio and video, and the ability to use a web browser and internet search engines. These are the skills that teacher of other subjects at secondary schools should be able to assume that their pupils have as an analog with being able to read and write. Digital literacy with ideas of copyright, safe working, data protection, misuse and abuse, e-safety and cyber-bullying are also discussed in schools. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDKfQ5qR8qA